Fladrafinil

Fladrafinil, development code CRL-40,941, is adrafinil with a fluorine atom added to each of its two phenyl rings, synthesised at Laboratoire L.

Human trialsNon-peptide compound reference

Also known as: CRL-40941, Fluorafinil, CRL-40,941, 2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]sulfinylethanehydroxamic acid, UNII 5RT6X0M01F, DTXSID40536590, HY-129048, MFCD29036740

(how we review)

Dosing & scaling, explained

Amounts reported for Fladrafinil are listed under Reported protocols, each with its source and study kind. No amount ladder is inferred from them. This is educational source context, not a protocol or recommendation.

No source-supported amount ladder is shown

Enter a target amount only from your own reviewed source. The calculator can convert it into concentration, volume and device markings, but it will not infer an amount from product availability or another compound.

Only mcg or mg amounts are retained. The calculator derives mL, syringe units or pen clicks from the current vial strength, water volume and device.

No independently verified schedule

Clinical context

Human study rows are described per source under Reported protocols; they belong to their trial populations and are not a general amount.

Storage, handling and interpretation

Product identity

Verify the exact compound, formulation and amount against the product label or certificate before calculation.

Storage & handling

Follow the product label, certificate and validated laboratory SOP; no universal storage assumption is applied here.

Prepared solutions

Label concentration and preparation date, use sterile technique where applicable, and follow a validated stability protocol.

Reported protocols for Fladrafinil

What published studies and recent community write-ups report about amounts, timing and course length. 1 clinical, 1 preclinical and 1 community-reported rows, each linked to its source. These are descriptions of what others report, not instructions, and nothing here is medical advice.

ContextDoseFrequencyRouteCourseSource
Clinical1 row
Human elimination study for anti-doping method development6 volunteers, three men and three women, who took either flmodafinil or fladrafinil20 mg as a single doseOnceOralSingle dose, with urine and dried blood spots collected over the detection windowNot applicableDrug Testing and Analysis (PubMed Central)2026
This is the only human study of the compound and it measured concentrations, not effects: there was no cognitive endpoint, no wakefulness measurement and no efficacy or safety outcome. Peak urine concentrations reached 52 to 111 ng/mL for fladrafinil and 191 to 891 ng/mL for flmodafinil, because fladrafinil converts to flmodafinil in the body. The authors note long detection windows for both, which is the point of the work.
Preclinical1 row
Original 1984 patent pharmacology in mice and ratsMale mice in groups of three per half-cage and batches of 6 rats per test64, 128 and 256 mg/kg in the mouse aggression test; 128 mg/kg in the rat stereotypy testsSingle doses, 30 minutes before testingIntraperitoneal, suspended in gum arabic at 20 mL/kg in mice and 5 mL/kg in ratsSingle-dose experimentsNot applicableLaboratoire L. Lafon, via Google Patents1984
Fladrafinil is Example 1 of US Patent 4,489,095, listed under the code CRL 40941. The patent reports that inter-group fighting in isolated mice fell by 58 percent at 64 mg/kg and 61 percent at 128 mg/kg while adrafinil at the same doses did not, that 128 mg/kg prolonged apomorphine and amphetamine stereotypies in rats, and that the maximum non-lethal intraperitoneal dose in male mice is above 512 mg/kg, with cramps, depressed breathing and sedation at 1,024 mg/kg. These are injected rodent amounts from a patent application, not a measured receptor profile and not a human dose.
Community-reported1 row
Vendor liquid product100 mg/mL in a 30 mL bottle (3,000 mg total)Not statedLiquid solution, supplied ready-mixedNot statedCommunity resource2026
A vendor claim about what ships, not a protocol. The published certificate for this lot reports 114.4 mg/mL measured against the 100 mg/mL label, which is about 14 percent over the stated strength, and identity confirmed as fladrafinil. A bottle at this concentration holds 150 times the only dose ever given to a person in a study.
Sources for this section (5)
  1. Investigations Into the Metabolism and Elimination of Flmodafinil and Fladrafinil for Sports Drug Testing PurposesDrug Testing and Analysis (PubMed Central)2026Clinical
  2. US Patent 4,489,095: Halogenobenzhydrylsulfinylacetohydroxamic acidsLaboratoire L. Lafon, via Google Patents1984Preclinical

Plus 3 community resources (dosing guides, forum threads and vendor write-ups), reported above but not linked.

Overview

Fladrafinil, development code CRL-40,941, is adrafinil with a fluorine atom added to each of its two phenyl rings, synthesised at Laboratoire L. Lafon in France and covered by a 1984 patent. Almost everything ever measured on the molecule itself sits in that patent, in mice and rats given it by injection into the abdomen, and the one human study on record gave six volunteers a single 20 mg dose purely so that anti-doping laboratories could work out how long it stays detectable. That study also established that fladrafinil acts as a prodrug for flmodafinil, and both compounds fall under the stimulant class of the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibited list; no regulator anywhere has approved it and no clinical trial of it is registered.

What researchers are exploring

These themes describe recurring questions in published research. They are not claims of effectiveness or recommendations for use.

  • 1

    Cognitive & neural

    Neuroplasticity, cognition, stress and sleep models.

  • 2

    Human elimination study for anti-doping method development

    This is the only human study of the compound and it measured concentrations, not effects: there was no cognitive endpoint, no wakefulness measurement and no efficacy or safety outcome. Peak urine concentrations reached.

  • 3

    Original 1984 patent pharmacology in mice and rats

    Fladrafinil is Example 1 of US Patent 4,489,095, listed under the code CRL 40941. The patent reports that inter-group fighting in isolated mice fell by 58 percent at 64 mg/kg and 61 percent at 128 mg/kg while adrafinil.

  • 4

    Vendor liquid product

    A vendor claim about what ships, not a protocol. The published certificate for this lot reports 114.4 mg/mL measured against the 100 mg/mL label, which is about 14 percent over the stated strength, and identity.

What the current evidence can support

Study models remain visible so laboratory and animal findings are not mistaken for established human outcomes.

  • Human

    Human studies and registrations

    1 protocol row on this page come from human trials, trial registrations, regulator labels or reviews of human data. Approval status and populations are stated per row.

  • Animal

    Preclinical models

    1 protocol row describe animal, cell or toxicology work. Amounts from these rows do not translate to people.

  • Not graded

    Community-reported use

    1 row record what blogs, vendor write-ups or forums describe for Fladrafinil. None has been verified against primary literature.

Chemistry identifiers

Sequence, synonyms and registry identifiers as recorded in PubChem, the National Library of Medicine's open chemistry database. Formula, mass and CAS number are summarized at the top of the page.

Also listed as

CRL-40,941, Fluorafinil, 2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]sulfinylethanehydroxamic acid, UNII 5RT6X0M01F, DTXSID40536590, HY-129048, MFCD29036740

InChIKey

VKGUUSVYPXTWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

IUPAC name

2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylsulfinyl]-N-hydroxyacetamide

Limitations and unknowns

Important limitations

  • Every amount on this page is a report of what a source describes, not a protocol to follow.
  • Preclinical and community rows do not establish a human amount, schedule or route.
  • Formulation, purity and presentation vary by supplier and are not covered by the dossier.

Sources

3 curated references, each with its journal, year and study model, plus 3 community resources reported but not linked.

  1. Fladrafinil (PubChem CID 13316557)PubChem, National Library of Medicine2026Not graded
  2. Investigations Into the Metabolism and Elimination of Flmodafinil and Fladrafinil for Sports Drug Testing PurposesDrug Testing and Analysis (PubMed Central)2026Human
  3. US Patent 4,489,095: Halogenobenzhydrylsulfinylacetohydroxamic acidsLaboratoire L. Lafon, via Google Patents1984Animal