SANA (salicylate-based nitroalkene, clinical code MVD1) is 5-(2-nitroethenyl)salicylic acid, a synthetic derivative of salicylate, the parent of aspirin, developed by Eolo Pharma.
Amounts reported for SANA are listed under Reported protocols, each with its source and study kind. No amount ladder is inferred from them. This is educational source context, not a protocol or recommendation.
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Human study rows are described per source under Reported protocols; they belong to their trial populations and are not a general amount.
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What published studies and recent community write-ups report about amounts, timing and course length. 3 clinical, 1 preclinical and 1 community-reported rows, each linked to its source. These are descriptions of what others report, not instructions, and nothing here is medical advice.
| Context | Dose | Frequency | Route | Course | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical3 rows | |||||
| Phase 1A single ascending dose (first-in-human)17 healthy adults of normal weight or overweight, aged 18-60, at a clinical research unit in Adelaide, Australia | 200, 400 or 800 mg as a single oral dose (capsules) | Once, on day 1 | Oral | Single dose with inpatient observation to day 4 and a follow-up visit on day 8Not applicable | Nature Metabolism (PubMed Central)2025 |
| Each cohort randomised 2:1 to MVD1 or placebo. The drug was well tolerated at 200 and 400 mg, but at 800 mg two participants developed proteinuria and glucosuria from reversible renal tubular damage that the investigators judged definitely drug-related, and the safety committee ended single-dose escalation there. The sponsor's employees and shareholders are among the authors. | |||||
| Phase 1B multiple ascending dose in overweight and obesity24 healthy adults with overweight or obesity (BMI 28-35), aged 25-60, housed as inpatients on a high-carbohydrate diet | 100, 150 or 200 mg per dose (200, 300 or 400 mg per day) | Twice daily, about 12 hours apart | Oral capsules | 14 days of twice-daily dosing plus a final morning dose on day 15None; follow-up visit on day 22 | Nature Metabolism (PubMed Central)2025 |
| Six people took the drug and two took placebo in each cohort. In the 200 mg twice-daily cohort body weight fell by about 3% over 15 days, and fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and fructosamine improved, while placebo did not change; the authors compare the weight change to semaglutide over the same period but stress that the trial was powered for safety, not efficacy. No event was judged definitely drug-related; the most common possibly related events were headache and soft stools, liver tests stayed normal, and day 15 pharmacokinetics matched day 1, so the drug did not accumulate. | |||||
| Trial registration (ACTRN12622001519741)Planned 18 normal-weight or overweight adults (single doses) and 24 adults with obesity (multiple doses); 41 of a target 42 were enrolled | Single doses of 200, 400 or 800 mg; multiple doses of 200, 300 or 400 mg per day | Once (part A); daily total split into twice-daily doses on days 1-14 with a single dose on day 15 (part B) | Oral capsules; placebo capsules contained microcrystalline cellulose | 15 days of dosing in part BNot applicable | Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry2022 |
| Registered prospectively with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry in December 2022 under protocol MVD1-AU-001, with Eolo Pharma Pty Ltd as sponsor. The record lists safety and tolerability as the primary outcomes, with change in body weight folded into the part B safety endpoints, which is why the weight result in the paper is exploratory. | |||||
| Preclinical1 row | |||||
| Diet-induced obesity in mice (prevention and treatment)C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet, including AMPK-alpha1, UCP1 and CKMT1 knockout strains | 400 mg/kg per day mixed into the food (200 and 300 mg/kg per day also tested); 200 mg/kg per day once obesity was established; 20 mg/kg per day by subcutaneous injection gave a similar effect | Daily | Oral in the diet; once-daily subcutaneous injection in a phosphate buffer and PEG 400 vehicle | 8 weeks for prevention; 3 weeks of treatment after 5 weeks of high-fat feedingNot applicable | Nature Metabolism (PubMed Central)2025 |
| SANA blocked weight gain and fat accumulation without changing food intake, prevented liver steatosis and normalised glucose tolerance, and did so at doses where salicylate was ineffective; 200 mg/kg per day also beat metformin at 300 mg/kg per day on glycaemic control. The effect disappeared when creatine was depleted and was blunted in CKMT1 knockout mice, which the authors use to argue for creatine-dependent thermogenesis. Eight weeks of 400 mg/kg per day in lean mice showed no renal or liver toxicity, and the saturated metabolite M1 was inactive. | |||||
| Community-reported1 row | |||||
| Independent compound summary of the human doses | 200, 400 or 800 mg single doses; 200, 300 or 400 mg a day split twice daily (restating the phase 1 trial) | Twice daily, 12 hours apart, in the multiple-dose part | Oral | 15 days, the longest human exposure on recordNot described | Community resource2026 |
| This 2026 wiki entry lists only the trial doses and states that none is a recommendation, that single-dose escalation stopped at 800 mg because of kidney tubular damage, and that anything sold online as SANA or MVD1 is an unregulated research chemical whose identity and purity nobody checks. It also notes a separate 2026 transplantation paper in which the molecule activated the immune ion channel TMEM176B in mice, a second target with unstudied consequences in people. | |||||
In the only human course, volunteers with overweight or obesity took 100, 150 or 200 mg every 12 hours as inpatients eating a high-carbohydrate diet. The most common complaints were headache and soft stools, and no event was judged definitely drug-related.
A final morning dose was followed by weight and blood measurements. The 200 mg twice-daily cohort had lost about 3% of body weight, and fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and fructosamine had improved, with placebo unchanged; day 15 drug levels matched day 1.
The registered protocol closed with a safety visit one week after the last dose, including a final body weight. Nothing is published about what happens after longer or repeated courses in people.
Plus 2 community resources (dosing guides, forum threads and vendor write-ups), reported above but not linked.
SANA (salicylate-based nitroalkene, clinical code MVD1) is 5-(2-nitroethenyl)salicylic acid, a synthetic derivative of salicylate, the parent of aspirin, developed by Eolo Pharma, a company that grew out of the Institut Pasteur de Montevideo in Uruguay. In mice on a high-fat diet it prevented and reversed obesity, fatty liver and insulin resistance by raising creatine-dependent heat production in fat tissue, a mechanism that does not depend on UCP1 or AMPK and that salicylate itself does not share at comparable doses. The only human data are a 15-day phase 1A/B first-in-human trial in 41 volunteers published in Nature Metabolism in June 2025, in which 200 mg twice daily produced about 3% weight loss and better insulin resistance scores in six people with overweight or obesity, while a single 800 mg dose caused reversible kidney tubular damage in two lean volunteers. Eolo said it planned a phase 2 trial in 2025 and none had been reported by October 2026; the compound is not approved anywhere and is sold online as capsules.
These themes describe recurring questions in published research. They are not claims of effectiveness or recommendations for use.
Energy balance, body composition and incretin signaling.
Each cohort randomised 2:1 to MVD1 or placebo. The drug was well tolerated at 200 and 400 mg, but at 800 mg two participants developed proteinuria and glucosuria from reversible renal tubular damage that the.
Six people took the drug and two took placebo in each cohort. In the 200 mg twice-daily cohort body weight fell by about 3% over 15 days, and fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and fructosamine improved, while placebo.
Registered prospectively with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry in December 2022 under protocol MVD1-AU-001, with Eolo Pharma Pty Ltd as sponsor. The record lists safety and tolerability as the.
SANA blocked weight gain and fat accumulation without changing food intake, prevented liver steatosis and normalised glucose tolerance, and did so at doses where salicylate was ineffective; 200 mg/kg per day also beat.
This 2026 wiki entry lists only the trial doses and states that none is a recommendation, that single-dose escalation stopped at 800 mg because of kidney tubular damage, and that anything sold online as SANA or MVD1 is.
Study models remain visible so laboratory and animal findings are not mistaken for established human outcomes.
3 protocol rows on this page come from human trials, trial registrations, regulator labels or reviews of human data. Approval status and populations are stated per row.
1 protocol row describe animal, cell or toxicology work. Amounts from these rows do not translate to people.
1 row record what blogs, vendor write-ups or forums describe for SANA. None has been verified against primary literature.
Sequence, synonyms and registry identifiers as recorded in PubChem, the National Library of Medicine's open chemistry database. Formula, mass and CAS number are summarized at the top of the page.
SANA, MVD1, 5-(2-nitroethenyl)salicylic acid, 2-Hydroxy-5-(2-nitrovinyl)benzoic acid, (E)-2-Hydroxy-5-(2-nitrovinyl)benzoic acid, Salicylate nitroalkene, Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-5-(2-nitroethenyl)-
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2-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-nitroethenyl]benzoic acid
4 curated references, each with its journal, year and study model, plus 2 community resources reported but not linked.