CMS-121 is one of 160 synthetic derivatives of fisetin, a flavonol found in strawberries and other fruit.
Amounts reported for CMS-121 are listed under Reported protocols, each with its source and study kind. No amount ladder is inferred from them. This is educational source context, not a protocol or recommendation.
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What published studies and recent community write-ups report about amounts, timing and course length. 2 clinical, 4 preclinical and 1 community-reported rows, each linked to its source. These are descriptions of what others report, not instructions, and nothing here is medical advice.
| Context | Dose | Frequency | Route | Course | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical2 rows | |||||
| Phase 1 safety and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteersHealthy young and elderly adult volunteers, with a separate food-effect arm | Single doses up to 1,800 mg; repeat doses up to 900 mg per day | Single dose, or once daily for the repeat-dose arm | Oral capsules, taken fed | 7 days for the repeat-dose armAt least 7 days of washout between food-effect doses | medRxiv preprint (PubMed Central)2025 |
| Both the single and repeat dosing were generally well tolerated with most adverse events mild. Exposure rose about in proportion to dose, the CMS121-C2 metabolite contributed more to circulating drug than the parent compound, and elderly participants reached higher exposures with longer half-lives. Eating raised exposure by roughly 50 percent. This report is a preprint, so it has not been through journal peer review. | |||||
| Phase 1 trial registration99 healthy subjects aged 19 to 85, across single-dose, repeat-dose, elderly and food-effect cohorts | Escalating single doses, then 7 days of once-daily dosing, against matching placebo capsules | Once daily for the multiple-dose cohorts | Oral capsules, taken fed | 7 days of dosing in the multiple-dose cohorts; the study ran May to December 2022Not described | ClinicalTrials.gov2022 |
| Sponsored by Virogenics, with treatment-emergent adverse events as the primary endpoint. The registry record carries the cohort structure but no posted results and no numeric dose levels; those appear only in the 2025 preprint. This is the only registered trial of the compound. | |||||
| Preclinical4 rows | |||||
| Transgenic Alzheimer-model miceMale APP/PS1 transgenic mice and C57BL/6J controls, dosed from 9 months of age | 400 ppm in food, about 34 mg/kg per day | Continuous, mixed into the diet | Oral in food | 3 monthsNot applicable | Redox Biology (PubMed Central)2020 |
| Memory held up better than in untreated transgenic mice, and brain lipid peroxidation, inflammation and lipid metabolism all shifted. This is the study that identified fatty acid synthase as the target. The dose is an average worked out from how much food each cage ate, so it is an estimate rather than a measured dose per animal. | |||||
| Rapidly ageing SAMP8 mice22 female SAMP8 mice on CMS121 against 23 on control diet, with a J147 arm alongside | 400 ppm in food, about 20 mg/kg per day | Continuous, mixed into the diet | Oral in food | From 9 to 13 months of ageNot applicable | eLife (PubMed Central)2019 |
| Dosing began in the last quarter of the lifespan, when the animals already had cognitive deficits and early kidney disease, and both brain and kidney markers moved towards a younger profile. The two papers that use the same 400 ppm diet estimate the delivered dose differently, about 20 mg/kg here and about 34 mg/kg in the APP/PS1 study, because the mice and feeding patterns differ. | |||||
| Huntington's disease mouse modelsR6/2 and YAC128 mouse models of Huntington's disease | Dosed in the diet across 2 mouse models; the abstract gives no parts-per-million or per-kilogram figure | Not stated | Oral in food | Followed to median lifespanNot applicable | Molecular Neurobiology (PubMed Central)2024 |
| Motor decline slowed and median lifespan rose in both models, with the effect on motor function becoming more pronounced as the YAC128 mice aged, and striatal genes tied to the proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation shifted back towards normal. The authors present this as a health-span result in mice. | |||||
| Developers' account of the preclinical and toxicology packageThe full set of cell and mouse models used to take the compound from screen to an investigational new drug application | Reviews the 400 ppm diet work and the toxicology studies behind the 2022 Phase 1 doses | Not stated | Oral | Not stated | Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (PubMed)2024 |
| Written by the Salk group and the company developing the compound, this 2024 paper walks through the screening approach, the preclinical activity and the toxicology that supported the investigational new drug approval. It is the clearest single account of why the molecule was chosen, and it comes from the people who chose it. | |||||
| Community-reported1 row | |||||
| Vendor capsule product | 25 mg per capsule, 60 capsules per bottle (1,500 mg total) | Not stated | Oral capsule | Not stated | Community resource2026 |
| A vendor claim about what ships, not a protocol. The Phase 1 study dosed in hundreds of milligrams, so a 25 mg capsule has no relationship to any tested amount, and the listing states the material is not for human use. | |||||
Plus 1 community resource (a dosing guide, forum thread or vendor write-up), reported above but not linked.
CMS-121 is one of 160 synthetic derivatives of fisetin, a flavonol found in strawberries and other fruit, made at the Salk Institute to keep the parent molecule's protective activity while behaving better as a drug. It was picked out of a cell-based screen for blocking the iron-dependent cell death pathway called oxytosis or ferroptosis, and its molecular target turned out to be fatty acid synthase, an enzyme not previously linked to Alzheimer's disease. Mouse work reports preserved memory in Alzheimer and Huntington models plus effects on obesity, diabetes, liver and kidney damage and hearing loss, and a Phase 1 study in 99 healthy volunteers tested single doses up to 1,800 mg before an investigational new drug application was granted.
These themes describe recurring questions in published research. They are not claims of effectiveness or recommendations for use.
Neuroplasticity, cognition, stress and sleep models.
Cellular aging, redox balance and mitochondrial function.
Both the single and repeat dosing were generally well tolerated with most adverse events mild. Exposure rose about in proportion to dose, the CMS121-C2 metabolite contributed more to circulating drug than the parent.
Sponsored by Virogenics, with treatment-emergent adverse events as the primary endpoint. The registry record carries the cohort structure but no posted results and no numeric dose levels; those appear only in the 2025.
Memory held up better than in untreated transgenic mice, and brain lipid peroxidation, inflammation and lipid metabolism all shifted. This is the study that identified fatty acid synthase as the target. The dose is an.
Dosing began in the last quarter of the lifespan, when the animals already had cognitive deficits and early kidney disease, and both brain and kidney markers moved towards a younger profile. The two papers that use the.
Study models remain visible so laboratory and animal findings are not mistaken for established human outcomes.
2 protocol rows on this page come from human trials, trial registrations, regulator labels or reviews of human data. Approval status and populations are stated per row.
4 protocol rows describe animal, cell or toxicology work. Amounts from these rows do not translate to people.
1 row record what blogs, vendor write-ups or forums describe for CMS-121. None has been verified against primary literature.
Sequence, synonyms and registry identifiers as recorded in PubChem, the National Library of Medicine's open chemistry database. Formula, mass and CAS number are summarized at the top of the page.
CMS121, 4-[4-(cyclopentyloxy)quinolin-2-yl]benzene-1,2-diol, UNII BW9P9F8JEY, CHEMBL1951865, CHEBI:230492, HY-135981, MFCD22192465
OMHNVUCFPJJLKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
4-(4-cyclopentyloxyquinolin-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol
7 curated references, each with its journal, year and study model, plus 1 community resource reported but not linked.