Ipamorelin

A synthetic pentapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist designed to stimulate growth-hormone release with greater hormonal selectivity than earlier GHRPs.

Early human evidencePeptide research profile

Also known as: Growth-hormone secretagogue, GHSR agonist

(how we review)

Dosing & scaling, explained

The 300 mcg daily, five-days-on/two-days-off row is an unofficial recorded preset, not a regulator-approved regimen. This is educational source context, not a protocol or recommendation.

How sourced amounts are organized

  1. Starting pointNot clinically establishedNo validated titration window

    There is no regulator-approved starting dose for this research use. A low-looking number is not automatically safe.

  2. Recorded preset300 mcg / dayCalculator library reference

    This is the range represented in the in-app protocol library. It describes the source record; it does not validate the regimen.

  3. Higher exposureNo validated wellness ceilingRisk and uncertainty increase

    Higher exposure is not established as more effective. Human pharmacokinetic and long-term safety data may be absent.

Drug amount and device markings are different quantities. The calculator converts mass into volume, syringe units, or pen clicks.

Patterns described in source material

  • 5 days on / 2 days off in the preset

    The cadence represented by the recorded calculator presets.

  • Human studies used study-specific IV or SC designs

    Published experiments may use a different route, formulation, timing, or population and should not be treated as interchangeable.

  • No universal schedule

    No single schedule has been validated across products or research contexts.

Clinical context

Human pharmacology confirms GH release, but no approved indication or long-term dosing schedule was established.

Storage, handling and interpretation

Lyophilized material

Keep cold, dry, and protected from light according to the manufacturer certificate or validated lab SOP.

After reconstitution

Use sterile technique, refrigerate as validated, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Traceability

Record lot, concentration, preparation date, and the identity/purity documentation used by the lab.

Reported protocols for Ipamorelin

What published studies and recent community write-ups report about amounts, timing and course length. 2 clinical, 3 preclinical and 4 community-reported rows, each linked to its source. These are descriptions of what others report, not instructions, and nothing here is medical advice.

ContextDoseFrequencyRouteCourseSource
Clinical2 rows
Intravenous dose-escalation pharmacokinetic study40 healthy men, 8 per dose level4.21, 14.02, 42.13, 84.27 or 140.45 nmol/kg (roughly 3-100 mcg/kg)Single 15-minute infusionIntravenousSingle administrationNot applicablePharmaceutical Research (Springer)1999
Pharmacokinetics were dose-proportional with a terminal half-life of about 2 hours, and every dose produced a single GH pulse peaking at about 40 minutes and then fading to baseline. The GH response varied between people far more than the drug levels did, which is relevant to anyone extrapolating a fixed microgram dose.
Phase 2 post-operative ileus trial117 adults after open or laparoscopic bowel resection (114 analysed)0.03 mg/kgTwice dailyIntravenous infusionPost-operative day 1 to day 7 or hospital dischargeNoneInternational Journal of Colorectal Disease (PubMed)2014
Median time to first tolerated meal was 25.3 hours on ipamorelin against 32.6 hours on placebo, a difference that was not statistically significant, and no key or secondary endpoint separated from placebo. Adverse events were slightly fewer than placebo (87.5% versus 94.8%), making this the only controlled multi-day safety record of the compound in humans.
Preclinical3 rows
Discovery pharmacology in rats and pigsAnaesthetised rats, conscious swine and rat pituitary cell culturesED50 80 nmol/kg in rats and 2.3 nmol/kg in pigs for GH release; selectivity held at more than 200 times the ED50Single dosesIntravenousSingle administrationNot applicableEuropean Journal of Endocrinology (PubMed)1998
GH release matched GHRP-6 in potency and efficacy, but unlike GHRP-6 and GHRP-2 ipamorelin did not raise ACTH or cortisol above what GHRH itself produced, even at very high doses. None of the compounds tested changed FSH, LH, prolactin or TSH in pigs.
Bone growth study in adult female ratsAdult female rats18, 90 or 450 mcg per dayThree times dailySubcutaneous15 daysNot applicableGrowth Hormone and IGF Research (PubMed)1999
Longitudinal bone growth rose dose-dependently from 42 to 44, 50 and 52 micrometres per day and body weight gain increased, while total IGF-1, binding proteins and bone turnover markers did not change. The GH response to a test dose was only marginally reduced after 15 days, and pituitary GH content was unchanged.
Glucocorticoid-treated rat muscle and bone study8-month-old female rats given methylprednisolone 9 mg/kg per day100 mcg/kgThree times dailySubcutaneous3 monthsNoneGrowth Hormone and IGF Research (PubMed)2001
Adding ipamorelin to the steroid restored calf-muscle tetanic tension and raised periosteal bone formation four-fold compared with the steroid alone. This is the longest continuous animal course published for the compound and used no breaks.
Community-reported4 rows
Compounding-pharmacy protocol summary200-300 mcg (new users 100-150 mcg; some protocols up to 400-500 mcg)Once daily at bedtime; advanced protocols add a fasted morning or pre-workout doseSubcutaneous3-6 months4-8 weeks between cycles; some prescribers dose year-round with 1-2 month breaksCommunity resource2026
An April 2026 guide written for prescription users states that most benefit is captured at 200-300 mcg and that larger doses do not add proportionate GH output. It pairs the bedtime dose with 100-200 mcg of CJC-1295 without DAC in the same syringe, or with 1-2 mg weekly of the DAC form injected separately, and recommends re-checking IGF-1 at the end of each cycle.

How a course is commonly described

  1. Weeks 1-4Community-reported

    Compounded and community protocols start at 100-150 mcg at bedtime, fasted for at least two hours, and raise the dose to 200-300 mcg once tolerated. Early reports are of sleep changes, vivid dreams and transient hunger from the ghrelin-receptor action.

  2. Weeks 5-12Community-reported

    Maintenance at 200-300 mcg nightly, often matched with CJC-1295 without DAC and sometimes run only on weekdays. Telehealth guides place IGF-1 and fasting glucose checks in this window and treat rising IGF-1 or water retention as the signal to hold or reduce.

  3. Months 3-6Community-reported

    Prescription-oriented guides describe cycles of 3-6 months rather than 8-12 weeks, with IGF-1 re-checked at the end and some prescribers continuing year-round with short breaks.

  4. BreakCommunity-reported

    A 4-week break after 8-12 weeks, or a month off after each 3-month block, is the common pattern, with weekday-only dosing used as a built-in weekly pause. Sources attribute the break to presumed receptor desensitisation and acknowledge no trial has tested it.

  5. Clinical comparisonClinical

    The only multi-day human course on record is 0.03 mg/kg intravenously twice a day for up to a week in surgical patients, registered by Helsinn as NCT00672074 and completed in 2009. No human study has tested nightly subcutaneous dosing, a GH-axis outcome over weeks, or the CJC-1295 combination.

  • Every bedtime subcutaneous figure above comes from compounding and telehealth practice. The two human studies used intravenous dosing, and the 15-day rat study found only a marginal fall in GH response, so the desensitisation rationale for breaks is borrowed from other secretagogues rather than measured for ipamorelin.
  • Ipamorelin's human half-life is about 2 hours and each dose produced a single GH pulse lasting under two hours in volunteers, which is why protocols time it to the early-sleep GH surge rather than expecting sustained elevation.
  • Ipamorelin is not approved anywhere, is prohibited by WADA, and the FDA's compounding advisory committee recommended against listing it for compounding in October 2024, citing the thin safety record. The rows above record what sources report, not endorsements of use.
Sources for this section (11)
  1. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Ipamorelin, a Growth Hormone Releasing Peptide, in Human VolunteersPharmaceutical Research (Springer)1999Clinical
  2. Prospective, randomized, controlled, proof-of-concept study of the Ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin for the management of postoperative ileus in bowel resection patientsInternational Journal of Colorectal Disease (PubMed)2014Clinical
  3. Safety and Efficacy of Ipamorelin for Management of Post-Operative Ileus (NCT00672074)ClinicalTrials.gov2008Clinical
  4. October 29, 2024: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (ipamorelin and kisspeptin-10 503A Bulks List votes)U.S. Food and Drug Administration2024Clinical
  5. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogueEuropean Journal of Endocrinology (PubMed)1998Preclinical
  6. Ipamorelin, a new growth-hormone-releasing peptide, induces longitudinal bone growth in ratsGrowth Hormone and IGF Research (PubMed)1999Preclinical
  7. The growth hormone secretagogue ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced decrease in bone formation of adult ratsGrowth Hormone and IGF Research (PubMed)2001Preclinical

Plus 4 community resources (dosing guides, forum threads and vendor write-ups), reported above but not linked.

Overview

Ipamorelin (NNC 26-0161) is a synthetic five-residue peptide developed by Novo Nordisk in the 1990s that triggers growth hormone release through the ghrelin receptor without the cortisol, ACTH or prolactin rise seen with earlier GHRPs. Human exposure comes from a 40-volunteer intravenous pharmacokinetic study and a 117-patient phase 2 trial run by Helsinn for post-operative ileus, which was safe but did not beat placebo, after which clinical development stopped. It has no approval anywhere, is prohibited by WADA, and in October 2024 the FDA's Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee voted 12 to 0 against adding either the free base or the acetate to the list of substances that may be compounded; it is nonetheless still prescribed off-label through compounding pharmacies and telehealth, usually at bedtime and often combined with the GHRH analog CJC-1295 without DAC.

What researchers are exploring

These themes describe recurring questions in published research. They are not claims of effectiveness or recommendations for use.

  • 1

    Growth-hormone release

    Preclinical and early human pharmacology studies examine dose-dependent GH pulses.

  • 2

    Hormonal selectivity

    Discovery studies compare ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, and gonadotropin responses with other GHRPs.

  • 3

    Postoperative ileus

    Clinical development tested gastrointestinal recovery but did not establish efficacy.

  • 4

    Bone and body composition

    Animal studies examine downstream GH/IGF-1-related outcomes.

What the current evidence can support

Study models remain visible so laboratory and animal findings are not mistaken for established human outcomes.

  • Animal

    Selective secretagogue profile

    The foundational study showed GH release with less ACTH/cortisol response in animal models.

  • Human

    Early pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic work

    Healthy-volunteer studies characterized concentration and GH response.

  • Human

    Unsuccessful ileus development

    Phase 2 programs did not show meaningful improvement over placebo and development stopped.

Amounts recorded for Ipamorelin

These amount records are independent from vial strength, reconstitution volume and measuring device. A recorded source is not the same as study backing, and these values are not recommendations.

  • 1
    Dose · lower endpointSign in for schedule, duration and source context.
    100 mcg
  • 2
    Recorded referenceSign in for schedule, duration and source context.
    300 mcg
  • 3
    Dose · upper endpointSign in for schedule, duration and source context.
    500 mcg

Chemistry identifiers

Sequence, synonyms and registry identifiers as recorded in PubChem, the National Library of Medicine's open chemistry database. Formula, mass and CAS number are summarized at the top of the page.

Sequence

Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2

Also listed as

NNC 26-0161, NNC-260161, Ipamorelin [INN], Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH2, UNII Y9M3S784Z6, DrugBank DB12370, CHEMBL58547, Ipamorelin acetate (salt form sold by vendors)

InChIKey

NEHWBYHLYZGBNO-BVEPWEIPSA-N

Origin / design

Synthetic GHSR-1a agonist

IUPAC name

(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-amino-2-methylpropanoyl)amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-naphthalen-2-ylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]hexanamide

Limitations and unknowns

Important limitations

  • Short-term GH release is a biomarker, not evidence of body-composition or recovery benefit.
  • Long-term metabolic, neoplastic, and endocrine safety is not established for wellness use.
  • A calculator preset is a recorded research convention, not a recommendation or evidence of clinical benefit.
  • Identity, purity, sterility, and stability can vary substantially outside regulated manufacturing.
  • Route, formulation, and population can make results from one study inapplicable to another use.

Sources

3 curated references, each with its journal, year and study model, plus 4 community resources reported but not linked.

  1. Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogueEuropean Journal of Endocrinology1998Animal
  2. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin in healthy volunteersJournal of Clinical Pharmacology1999Human
  3. Growth hormone secretagogues: history, mechanism of action, and clinical developmentReviews in Clinical and Experimental Metabolism2021Review