BPC-157

A synthetic 15-amino-acid fragment related to a protective protein originally isolated from gastric juice.

Preclinical-heavyPeptide research profile

Also known as: Body Protection Compound-157, BPC157, PL 14736, Bepecin

(how we review)

Dosing & scaling, explained

Human clinical dosing for BPC-157 is not established. The ranges below summarize how amounts are described across the sourced, non-clinical protocols behind this compound, shown so you can recognize and sanity-check a number, not as guidance to follow. This is educational source context, not a protocol or recommendation.

How sourced amounts are organized

  1. Starting range200-250 mcg / dayFirst 1-2 weeks

    Where sourced protocols commonly begin, to gauge individual response before any increase.

  2. Common range250-400 mcg / dayOngoing block

    The most frequently reported day-to-day range in the protocols recorded for this compound.

  3. Higher reported500 mcg / dayShort blocks, often split AM/PM

    Toward the top of what sourced protocols report. Higher is not established as more effective, and human safety data are limited.

These are drug amounts (mcg). The calculator converts that into syringe units or pen clicks from your vial strength and mixing volume; the dose and the unit count are not the same number.

Patterns described in source material

  • Once daily

    A single subcutaneous dose per day is the most commonly reported cadence.

  • Split AM/PM

    Larger daily amounts are sometimes divided into two smaller injections rather than one.

  • Cycled blocks

    Reported use is usually organized in on/off blocks (for example ~4 weeks on, then a break) rather than continuously.

Clinical context

No randomized human trials establish a BPC-157 dose, schedule, or long-term safety profile; every number here comes from non-clinical models or unofficial protocols. As a contrast, some peptides do have trial-tested doses: retatrutide, for example, was studied at 4 mg once weekly in phase-2 research. BPC-157 has nothing equivalent.

Storage, handling and interpretation

Lyophilized powder

Typically stored cold and dry, protected from light, per supplier certificate or CoA instructions.

After reconstitution

Research practice usually refrigerates sterile solutions and avoids freeze-thaw cycles; follow validated lab SOPs.

Handling

Reconstitute gently; do not shake vigorously. Label concentration and date on the vial.

Reported protocols for BPC-157

What published studies and recent community write-ups report about amounts, timing and course length. 4 clinical, 2 preclinical and 5 community-reported rows, each linked to its source. These are descriptions of what others report, not instructions, and nothing here is medical advice.

ContextDoseFrequencyRouteCourseSource
Clinical4 rows
Intra-articular knee injection, retrospective chart review16 adults aged 19-77 with knee pain of mixed causes at a Florida clinic4 mg (2 mL of a 2,000 mcg/mL solution); 2-4 mg when combined with TB4Single injectionIntra-articularOne procedure, with phone follow-up 6-12 months laterNot applicableAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (PubMed)2021
In this uncontrolled chart review, 11 of 12 patients given BPC-157 alone reported improvement and no adverse events were noted. There was no control group, no standardized outcome measure and most patients were surveyed by phone months after the injection, so the study cannot establish efficacy.
Intravesical injection for interstitial cystitis, pilot study12 women aged 39-76 who had not responded to pentosan polysulfate10 mg totalSingle procedureInjections around the inflamed bladder wall during cystoscopyOne procedure, assessed at 6 weeksNot applicableAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (PubMed)2024
All 12 participants reported significant improvement on a global response questionnaire and no adverse events were recorded. The study was small, open-label and run at a private clinic with a compounded product, with no control arm.
Intravenous infusion safety pilot2 healthy adults10 mg on day 1, then 20 mg on day 2One infusion per day for 2 daysIntravenous infusion in 250 mL saline over one hour2 days, with blood work on day 3Not applicableAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (Europe PMC)2025
Blood work and vital signs showed no measurable change in cardiac, liver, kidney, thyroid or glucose markers, and plasma levels returned to baseline within 24 hours. Two participants are far too few to establish safety, as the authors acknowledge.
Phase 1 oral safety and pharmacokinetics trial (registered; results never posted)42 healthy volunteers aged 18-35Single 1, 3 or 6 mg (1 mg tablets), then 3 mg per doseSingle dose, then every 8 hoursOral tablets (PCO-02)2 weeks of repeat dosingNone describedClinicalTrials.gov2015
PharmaCotherapia registered this placebo-controlled study in Tijuana for 2015-2016, but no results were ever posted and the record's status is listed as unknown. It remains the only formal dose-finding or safety trial ever registered for BPC-157 in humans.
Preclinical2 rows
Preclinical rodent tendon and muscle modelsRats with Achilles tendon transection, rotator cuff detachment and related injuries10 mcg/kg or 10 ng/kg (10 pg/kg also tested)Once dailyIntraperitoneal injection in saline; intragastric and drinking-water dosing also usedTypically 14-21 days, through the end of the healing modelNone describedPharmaceuticals (PubMed Central)2026
A 2026 review of the tendon and muscle literature found that most in vivo studies used daily systemic injections at 10 mcg/kg or 10 ng/kg without any carrier or scaffold. All of this functional and biomechanical evidence comes from rats and from ex vivo tissue, not from human trials.
Preclinical safety range summarized in a systematic reviewRat and dog toxicology studies6 mcg/kg to 20 mg/kgSingle and repeated dosesIntramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral (animal models)Up to 6 weeksNot applicableHSS Journal (PubMed Central)2025
Across the animal safety studies pooled in this 2025 review, no toxic or lethal dose was reached and no gross or microscopic organ changes were seen, but no study followed animals beyond 6 weeks. The review found no human safety data at all and reported a plasma half-life under 30 minutes.

How a course is commonly described

  1. Weeks 1-2Community-reported

    Community guides describe starting at 250 mcg once daily, injected subcutaneously near the injury or in the abdomen, to check tolerance before any increase. Early reports are of local comfort rather than measurable change, and many people report nothing at this stage.

  2. Weeks 2-6Community-reported

    The most-quoted band is 250-500 mcg once or twice daily at a consistent time each day, often split morning and evening. Community logs place reported mobility changes in weeks 3-6; there is no trial schedule to confirm or refute this.

  3. Weeks 6-8Community-reported

    Chronic tendon or joint protocols extend to 6-8 weeks at up to 500 mcg twice daily, and gut-focused oral protocols are also described at 6-8 weeks. Post-surgical protocols are shorter, at 2-4 weeks starting a day or two after the operation.

  4. BreakCommunity-reported

    A 2-4 week off period is commonly described before any repeat course, with preventive cycles repeated every 3-4 months. One 2026 guide points out that no cycling rule is evidence-based because no adequate human trial exists.

  5. Clinical comparisonClinical

    Published human reports used single procedures (4 mg into a knee joint, 10 mg into the bladder wall) or a two-day intravenous pilot rather than multi-week courses, and the only registered trial planned two weeks of 3 mg by mouth every 8 hours. No human study has tested the daily subcutaneous course described above.

  • Community timelines are extrapolated from rodent studies and practitioner habit. No human trial has tested a multi-week BPC-157 course, so none of these doses or durations is validated.
  • Published pharmacokinetics in rats and dogs show a plasma half-life under 30 minutes, which is why some guides describe twice-daily dosing as a brief pulse rather than sustained exposure.
  • BPC-157 is on the WADA prohibited list (S0). In the United States it sat in FDA 503A compounding Category 2 from 2023 until the nominations were withdrawn and it was removed from the interim list in April 2026; on July 23, 2026 the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee voted 8 to 6, with one abstention, to recommend adding it to the 503A bulks list against FDA staff advice. That vote is advisory and no rule has followed, so there is still no lawful 503A compounding route. The rows above record what sources report, not endorsements of use.
Sources for this section (12)
  1. Tendon, Ligament, and Muscle Injury, Osteotendinous, Myotendinous, and Muscle-to-Bone Junction Therapy Perspectives with Growth Factors and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: A ReviewPharmaceuticals (PubMed Central)2026Clinical
  2. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic ReviewHSS Journal (PubMed Central)2025Clinical
  3. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal HealingCurrent Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine (PubMed Central)2025Clinical
  4. Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide: Literature and Patent ReviewPharmaceuticals (MDPI)2025Clinical
  5. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee PainAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (PubMed)2021Clinical
  6. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot StudyAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (PubMed)2024Clinical
  7. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot StudyAlternative Therapies in Health and Medicine (Europe PMC)2025Clinical
  8. PCO-02 Safety and Pharmacokinetics Trial (NCT02637284)ClinicalTrials.gov2015Clinical

Plus 4 community resources (dosing guides, forum threads and vendor write-ups), reported above but not linked.

Overview

BPC-157 (Body Protection Compound 157) is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide whose sequence was described by Predrag Sikiric's group at the University of Zagreb as a fragment of a protein found in human gastric juice. It has been studied almost entirely in rodent models of tendon, ligament, muscle, gut and vascular injury, where it is reported to speed healing. Human data are limited to three small pilot studies and one registered phase 1 safety trial that never posted results; it is not approved by any regulator, has been on the WADA prohibited list since 2022, and was placed in the FDA's Category 2 list of bulk substances that may present significant safety risks for compounding in 2023.

What researchers are exploring

These themes describe recurring questions in published research. They are not claims of effectiveness or recommendations for use.

  • 1

    Soft-tissue repair

    Animal and cell studies explore tendon, ligament, and muscle injury models, including Achilles-tendon transection and junction healing.

  • 2

    Gastrointestinal cytoprotection

    Early literature focuses on gut mucosal protection and experimental GI injury models, reflecting the peptide’s gastric origin story.

  • 3

    Angiogenesis & vascular responses

    Preclinical work examines endothelial signaling (including VEGFR2 / nitric-oxide pathways) and collateral vessel responses after injury.

  • 4

    Inflammation & oxidative stress markers

    Rodent studies report changes in selected inflammatory and oxidative-stress markers; these are model-dependent findings, not clinical outcomes.

What the current evidence can support

Study models remain visible so laboratory and animal findings are not mistaken for established human outcomes.

  • Review

    Orthopaedic sports-medicine systematic review

    A 2025 systematic review of English-language literature identified predominantly preclinical musculoskeletal studies plus very limited human reporting, and noted the absence of strong clinical safety datasets.

  • Animal

    Tendon and tendon-to-bone models

    Rat Achilles-tendon and tendon-to-bone experiments report improved functional and structural healing markers versus controls in those models; results do not establish human efficacy.

  • In vitro

    Tendon fibroblast outgrowth and migration

    Cell and explant studies describe effects on tendon fibroblast outgrowth, survival under oxidative stress, and migration-related signaling pathways.

  • Human

    Sparse clinical reporting

    Human evidence remains sparse (small pilot / retrospective reports). No large randomized controlled trials establish clinical benefit or a settled safety profile.

Amounts recorded for BPC-157

These amount records are independent from vial strength, reconstitution volume and measuring device. A recorded source is not the same as study backing, and these values are not recommendations.

  • 1
    Weeks 1-2Sign in for schedule, duration and source context.
    200 mcg
  • 2
    Lower recordedSign in for schedule, duration and source context.
    250 mcg
  • 3
    Common referenceSign in for schedule, duration and source context.
    400 mcg

Chemistry identifiers

Sequence, synonyms and registry identifiers as recorded in PubChem, the National Library of Medicine's open chemistry database. Formula, mass and CAS number are summarized at the top of the page.

Sequence

Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val

Also listed as

Bepecin, PL-14736, PLD-116, PL-10, BPC 15, Gastric Juice Peptide Fragment, UNII 8ED8NXK95P, DrugBank DB11882

InChIKey

HEEWEZGQMLZMFE-RKGINYAYSA-N

Origin note

Fragment related to gastric body-protection compound (BPC)

IUPAC name

(4S)-4-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-5-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-[[(2S)-3-carboxy-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Limitations and unknowns

Important limitations

  • Most positive findings come from animal or in-vitro models; translation to humans is unproven.
  • Published clinical data are few, small, and often uncontrolled.
  • Manufacturing quality, identity, and purity of research materials vary widely outside regulated drug development.
  • Optimal dose, route, duration, and long-term safety in humans are not established.
  • Regulatory status and sport anti-doping rules differ by jurisdiction and organization.

Sources

6 curated references, each with its journal, year and study model, plus 4 community resources reported but not linked.

  1. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic ReviewHSS Journal2025Review
  2. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal HealingCurrent Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine2025Review
  3. Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healingCell and Tissue Research2019Review
  4. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growthJournal of Orthopaedic Research2003Animal
  5. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migrationJournal of Applied Physiology2011In vitro
  6. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157 in rats and dogsFrontiers in Pharmacology2022Animal